The expansion of the universe is driven by repulsive gravitational forces between positive masses in galaxy filaments (white) and surrounding voids dominated by negative mass-energy (black). The fundamental cause for cosmic expansion is determined. Direction for cosmic expansion in 3D space is finally definable. An initial singularity that should never expand is an artefact of current theory. Artist credit: Bianca Hill.
Update: Key prediction from Dual-Energy theory confirmed by new observational evidence, check here for details!
Look deep, deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better.
Albert Einstein
Scientific discovery consists of seeing what everyone else has seen, but thinking what no one else has thought.
Albert Szent-Gyoergyi
Welcome to our Dual-Energy Universe!
With this new blog I am reaching out to science communities and everybody interested in cosmology and fundamental physics. This is about the fascinating discovery of new ‘dual-energy’ physics supported by hard evidence. The new physics demonstrate a fundamental positive-negative structure in the phenomenon of energy. They provide the bottom-up physical model for a new Dual-Energy Cosmological model which resolves an unprecedented range of current problems in cosmology. The attractive idea of a universe of positive and negative energy had led to attempts to identify matching negative energy in the past. My findings, by contrast, are the direct result of finding an actual dual-energy mechanism.
A clear new story of origin and expansion of the universe emerges. A surprising nature of gravity is revealed. Gravity is a fundamental process that generates energies. The new dual-energy physics explain with unprecedented clarity how our universe of matter and energy emerged from ‘nothing’ (think about 0 = -1 +1) and why it expands (repulsive gravity). The repulsive effects of negative mass-energy are already rooted in Newton’s law of universal gravitation. The mystery of dark energy is directly resolved: We have been observing an effect of dynamically evolving negative energy. The dark energy mystery signified an incomplete understanding of energy. The new findings amount to a new theory of energy. Our universe consists of both the familiar positive forms of energy and corresponding negative energy. This physical negative energy acts as a property of space.
The new dual-energy physics are directly identified from evidence for a specific dual-energy mechanism in gravity and its stunning ability to address the fundamental physics of expansion and origin of our universe from one principle. As the new theory coherently explains the underlying physics for origin and expansion, hard contradictions and the lack of definition in current theory can no longer be ignored. The evidence suggests that the standard Lambda-CDM model can no longer be considered a coherent model for origin and expansion of the universe. A side-by-side comparison between new and current theory gives you an overview. For comprehensive details you may view a preprint version of the full science paper. Scientists active in the field are urged to take note of the information under my priority references for proper referencing.
The ‘crisis in cosmology’ has been a crisis of incomplete fundamental physics and a problem of methodology. Shockingly, the mathematical model (Friedmann equations) on which cosmology has been based for generations is fatally flawed. This profoundly impacts the way in which cosmology may move forward. It impacts questions of what constitutes good evidence in cosmology, what to expect from future research and what type of observational efforts are most important moving forward. An initial discussion provides a first perspective on some of these implications.
The realization of dual-energy physics has unfolding foundational implications for physics beyond cosmology, only history will tell. The physical nature of a (half-)world of negative energy needs to be explored, the question of locality arises. General relativity in its current form is found insufficient to model fundamental energy. Fundamental energy concepts in particle/quantum physics may be reconsidered. A fundamental question mark about the concept of a positive Higgs field emerges. String theory may establish real-world relevance as the vacuum of space has negative energy, resembling the type of space required for AdS/CFT correspondence.
Expect videos post and other content with highlights about findings and evidence. Feel free to share links. Let us make 2021 a year of hope and enlightenment, enjoy!
Ralph B. Hill
Clear answers to fundamental questions
What is dark energy, why are there repulsive effects?
Effects associated with dark energy are effects of the presence of negative energy in the vacuum of space. Technically dark energy has been a place holder term in the current standard Lambda-CDM model for a form of energy that was not understood. It was supposed to be a positive form of energy that acts like negative energy. The model is fundamentally wrong, technically ‘dark energy’ does not exist. The repulsive gravitational force between positive and negative mass-energy already follows from Newton’s law of universal gravitation where the attractive gravitational force reverses when one of the two masses considered is negative.
How does this form of energy increase?
Negative energy in space increases along with corresponding positive energy as mass aggregation in the universe progresses due to gravity.
Why does the universe expand in the first place?
Due to the repulsive effects between positive and negative energy. These energies emerged in corresponding amounts in a ‘not quite so big’ bang. There was gravitational repulsion from the beginning and there never was an initial singularity. There is no reason for the universe to ever re-collapse.
How did our universe of matter and energy emerge from ‘nothing’?
It emerged from zero matter and energy in a ‘not quite so’ big bang along with corresponding negative energy in space. This process observes universal conservation of energy with a conserved value of zero. The early process is fundamentally akin to what we observe as gravity in today’s universe. This directly suggests a new approach for fundamental energy concepts in quantum/particle physics and may inspire foundational concepts such as string theory. Expect very interesting times ahead.
Where does the energy in gravitational acceleration come from?
The energy is generated at the expense of negative energy in space. There is no positive energy source, neither in the gravitational field nor in ‘gravitational potential energy’, which I have proved is not a physical form of energy. Fundamentally, in movement down a gravitational field negative energy in space increases, in upwards movement it decreases. You may think about this next time you walk up or down the stairs. Physicists should note that fundamental energy is not reflected in the way general relativity currently models energy.
What does this mean for research in cosmology?
A revolutionary new beginning. Shockingly, the mathematical model on which cosmology has been based for generations (Friedmann equations) is invalid. It invalidates a dominant swath of cosmological research from the past. Prominent concepts and questions in cosmology such as whether the universe is open or closed have been based on this model. These familiar concepts lose validity or their current meaning. The precision suggested in the determination of parameters such of the age of the universe has been unreal. Methodology is affected. The legacy model favored top-down speculative approaches where the new Dual-Energy Cosmology provides answers from the bottom-up application of the physical principles that govern the evolution of our universe. Further advances in theory and improved observation of the early universe at high redshift are crucial for cosmology moving forward.